Dumped ammunition, legacy chemical weapons and improvised devices attached to ship hulls are a growing concern for maritime safety and security. Corroding munitions on the seabed pose environmental...

The UnderSec project is developing a new way to identify dangerous materials hidden under water or attached to ship hulls, without opening any containers. The Concealed Material Identification Module...

Optical underwater wireless communication (UWOC) uses light—typically in the blue‑green range—to transmit data through water. These systems can offer high bandwidth, low latency and good security...

Acoustic waves remain the workhorse of underwater communication because they can travel much farther than EM or optical signals. Operating roughly between 2.5 kHz and 180 kHz, underwater acoustic...

Electromagnetic (EM) waves are the backbone of most modern communication systems, but seawater is a tough medium for them. Because seawater is highly conductive, EM waves lose energy quickly, and...

Underwater wireless communication is essential for monitoring and protecting critical subsea infrastructures, but the ocean is a very hostile environment for signals. Unlike in the air, underwater...